I. Facilities Construction
1. Site Selection: The backyard of the house is ideal for constructing a pond, which can be filled with groundwater or tap water as the breeding source. This ensures a natural and sustainable environment for the aquatic species.
2. Dianchi Lake Construction: The pond is typically built using single bricks, measuring 2 square meters (2 meters in length and 1 meter in width). The interior and exterior walls, as well as the bottom surface, are all cemented to ensure durability. The wall height is set at 50 centimeters, with a T-shaped structure on top to prevent escape. A 10 cm diameter plastic-rubber pipe is installed 30 cm above the bottom of the pond to act as an overflow system. The bottom of the pool is slightly inclined toward the drainage outlet, allowing for efficient water drainage into the main channel. To prevent escape, iron wire nets are placed around the spill and drain areas, which are sealed with corks when not in use. Walls and the bottom surface within 20 cm from the base are tiled for added protection.
3. Water Reservoir Construction: For every 10 square meters of the culture pond, a water reservoir of 1.5 cubic meters should be built. The reservoir is constructed using red bricks, with cement used for internal and external corners and the base. An outlet pipe is installed at the bottom of the reservoir, and the base is elevated 20 cm above the pond’s bottom level to ensure proper water flow. The reservoir must be completely leak-proof to guarantee a stable water supply. The bottom of the reservoir should also have a slight slope to facilitate cleaning and maintenance of the sewage outlets, which are controlled by valves to regulate water flow effectively.
II. Breeding Technology Points
1. Preparation of the Dianchi Lake: After construction, the pond is filled with water and left to soak for 10 days. Then, 0.2 kg of lime is dissolved in water to disinfect the pond and surrounding area. One month before introducing seedlings, the water is filled to a depth of 20 cm, and tiles are submerged to encourage the growth of algae and small organisms, reducing light reflection. One week before releasing the seedlings, washed and disinfected peanuts are placed around the inside of the pond, leaving the center open for feeding. Additionally, one quail and a few loaches are introduced per pond to help maintain the ecosystem.
2. Seedling Stocking: Seedlings are usually purchased in early April. It's best to catch them using cages to avoid injury. Healthy seedlings should be active, have uniform size, and weigh approximately 30 per kilogram. Seedlings of different sizes should be kept in separate ponds. Before stocking, they are briefly soaked in 3% saline solution for about 5 minutes. The recommended stocking density is 5 kg per square meter, ensuring that the fish reach a marketable size of over 150 grams by the end of the year.
3. Feeding Practices: Crickets begin feeding when the water temperature reaches 18°C or higher. However, newly stocked seedlings may initially show little interest in food. On the fourth day, they start to acclimate, and live quails or cut-up fresh shank meat (4 cm × 1 cm) can be used as bait. After a few days, artificial diets can be introduced—mixing wheat flour with fishmeal and shaping it into bar-like pellets using a meat grinder. These are then dried and fed once daily in the evening. The amount of feed is calculated as 3–5% of the total weight of the fish in the pond. Food is usually placed in the shallow part of the pond, making it easier to monitor feeding behavior and remove any leftover bait.
4. Daily Management: Regular patrols are conducted in the morning and evening to detect any signs of disease and isolate affected individuals for diagnosis. Water quality is closely monitored, with water changes occurring every 3–5 days during normal seasons and daily during hot weather, typically in the morning. When the water temperature exceeds 28°C, shading structures are used to cool the pond effectively.
5. Disease Prevention: Since scutellaria relies heavily on its sense of smell to find food, it is very sensitive to chemical odors. Even mild drug smells can reduce its appetite or cause it to refuse food entirely. Therefore, it is advisable to minimize or avoid the use of medications. Instead, ecological methods such as introducing grasshoppers and loach into the pond can help maintain a healthy environment and prevent diseases naturally.
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