The winter cold dish is a one-year or two-year-old herb of the Malvaceae Malvaceae. It is also known as winter leeks, mallow, and slippery vegetables. In recent years, the cultivated area in China has been continuously expanding.
Winter vegetables are served with seedlings or tender stems and leaves, and the whole plant can be used as medicine. It is rich in nutrients, extremely high in carotene, and high in vitamin C and calcium.
Cold dishes like cold and humid climate, not high temperature and cold, but resistant to low temperature, light frost resistance, low temperature can also improve the quality of plant growth suitable temperature is 15 °C ~ 20 °C. Strict requirements on the soil, but in the well-drained, loose fertile, water and fertilizer conservation in the soil more prone to high yield, not continuous cropping. The seeds germinated at 8°C, the optimum temperature for germination was 25°C, and the plants had serious diseases above 30°C, and the plants grew slower than 15°C. Nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer-demanding feature, requiring large fertilizer and strong fertility. Suitable for spring and autumn sowing planting, easy seeding summer sowing, it is not suitable for cultivation in summer. In order to guarantee the annual supply, it can be planted in protected areas in the summer heat season, but cooling measures are needed. Now we introduce its cultivation points as follows:
First, soil fertigation
Generally made into a flat, for the multiple harvest shoots, to apply enough base fertilizer, about 1.3 meters wide, to facilitate harvesting is appropriate. Winter vegetables are resistant to fertility and require large amounts of fertilizer. After sowing, human dung can be poured as a seed fertilizer.
Second, sowing
Live broadcast, nursery can be. The amount of mu for 1 to 1.5 kg, sowing method can be broadcast or sowing, sowing seeds need to be large, seeding needs to be small. The sowing seedlings are spaced 25 centimeters apart, with 4 to 5 seeds per hole. About 250 grams of seeds are needed per acre for seeding sowing, and 0.5 kg of seeds are needed for sowing, and 25 grams of seed per acre is required for seedling raising.
Third, colonization
According to the different harvesting requirements, the planting density is also different. For harvesting seedlings, they can be densely planted. 15 cm squares are appropriate. When young shoots are harvested multiple times, 25 cm squares are appropriate.
Fourth, field management
1. Cultivated and weeding seedlings. During the growing season of winter vegetables, cultivating and weeding should be done in a timely manner to prevent weeds from competing for space, nutrients and moisture with winter vegetables, sowing the seedlings in true leaves for 4 to 5 times and 2 seedlings. The seedling spacing should be about 16 cm, and the seedlings should be sown with 2 ~3 seedlings are 1 bush.
2. Top dressing watering. For the multiple harvesting of young shoots, during the growing season, it is necessary to continue the harvest and top-dressing in order to supplement the large amount of nutrients removed by harvesting. Usually based on urea, harvested once, that is, top dressing watered once.
3. Pest control. Winter insect pests include ground tigers, Spodoptera litura, and aphids, which can be killed by poison baits or sprayed by trichlorfon. Diseases mainly include anthrax, root rot, etc., anthrax can be used 50% compound thiophanate-methyl WP 1000 times or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 1000 times plus 70% thiophanate-methyl wettability 1000 times of powder, or 2% of agricultural anti-120 water agent 200 times spray control, root rot can be used 50% carbendazim WP 500 times solution or 40% of polysulfide suspension 400 times spray control.
V. Harvesting
For the harvested seedlings, the seedlings can be combined and harvested during about 50 days after sowing. When the shoot height is 18 cm, the upper shoots can be harvested. In the spring, 1-2 knots near the ground are harvested. If there are too many knots left, excessive collaterals occur, nutrients are scattered, and the tip of the shoot is not thick and the quality is poor. Leave 4 to 5 harvests in other seasons. Winter vegetables grow very fast. In their growing season, they can be harvested every 5 to 7 days. The yield per mu can reach 1500-2000 kg.
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