Bagging apple black spot disease
Apple bagging can significantly reduce pest damage, improve fruit surface finish and appearance quality, and improve apple economic efficiency. However, it has been found in various places that the fruit surface after bagging is prone to black spot disease, which seriously affects the appearance of the apple, especially the film bag + paper bag double bag fruit, and apple black spot disease can occur widely.
Symptoms, whether it is a paper bag or a film bag, apples do not occur. At the early stage of the disease, small black spots with large needle points appear around the fruit pods, gradually expanding to large sesame seeds and even large mung beans. However, it only occurs on the surface of the skin, does not penetrate deep into the pulp, tastes no bitter taste, does not cause pulp sores, does not expand and spread during the late growth period and storage period, and has no effect on the intrinsic quality, but has a great influence on the appearance quality.
Cause The pathogen of black spot disease is pink Trichothecene, which is a weak parasite in the subphylum of Fungal Fungi. It began to occur in late June. The midsummer rainy season from early July to early August was a peak period and was rarely found after late August. Low-lying, poor ventilation and light transmission, canopy closure, frequent rainfall, high temperature and humidity, strong tree vigor, and more nitrogenous orchards have caused more diseases. The reason why bagged fruit is prone to this disease is because the fruit has poor air permeability in the bag, high temperature, high humidity, especially the water in the bag after rain, the paper bag will not dry after being wet, and even stick on the fruit surface and aggravate. Humidity and poor ventilation will aggravate it. No bagged fruit is not affected by these micro-climate environments inside the bag. It has good ventilation and light transmission, and it dissipates heat quickly, so this weak parasite is difficult to infect.
Control methods
1 Spray prevention. From the time of Xiehua to bagging, spray 80% Mancozeb Manganese Zinc Powder 800 times or 40% DuPont Fuxing Milk Emulsion 8000 times every 10 days, and spray 2 or 3 times for sterilization prevention.
2 Use high quality fruit bags. The quality of the bag is not only directly related to the bagging effect, but also has a great influence on the severity of the disease. Therefore, the outer paper bag must be made of wood pulp paper made of coniferous tree raw materials, and the paper thickness should be moderate, soft and fine, good air permeability, strong shading, no water seepage, can withstand wind, sun, rain, and glue. Strictly; the inner bag must not fade, the wax is good and evenly waxed, water resistant, and insoluble under high temperature and sunlight. At present, the "Kobayashi" bags made in Japan, the "Kita" bags made in Taiwan, and the "Kaixiang" bags made in China are of the best quality. The film bag is pressed with the original polyethylene plastic film (suppression of regeneration film). The red film is used in areas with poor lighting. Yunnan is a plateau, and the ultraviolet light is strong. A semi-transparent milky film bag that is not prone to sunburn should be used.
3 Early bagging. According to local trials, early bagging can make young fruit less susceptible to sunburn and adverse weather conditions, and it can adapt to the environment within the bag earlier, get more exercise, and enhance resilience. Foil bags, in order to thank 15 to 20 days after flowering is appropriate; sets of paper bags to 25 to 35 days is better; film bags plus paper bags, 15 to 25 days after the film bags and then set of paper bags. When bagging, the bag must be bulged, sealed tightly, transparently, not wrinkled, and not covered, and the fruit is suspended in the center of the bag.
4 Improve light, fat and water management. Do a good job of pruning, in particular, do a good job in summer shear thinning, so that the thickness of the leaf curtain layer is appropriate, improve ventilation and light transmission; from the middle growth period, less application and control of nitrogen fertilizer, avoid NPK imbalance and increase calcium deficiency boron deficiency During the rainy season, drain well to reduce soil moisture and air humidity.
5 Check after the rain. Every time after the next heavy rain, it is necessary to check in time. Where it is found that the drainage hole is over the water in the small bag, properly cut the large drainage hole to eliminate water and facilitate ventilation; remove the bag that has been eroded by the rain on the fruit surface. Clean, set new bags.
The black spots are easily identified with black spot disease. Some black dots are distributed around the upper part of the loquat and the top of the fruit, and there are also black spots. The black spot appears larger spots when it occurs. It only harms the cortex and tastes bitter, nor does it taste bitter. Will cause pulp ulcers, black spots in the late stage of growth and storage period to expand, and slightly depressed, the disease is caused by calcium deficiency pox spot, severe and bitter pox disease; some light brown spots, irregular distribution in the fruit surface When the lesions are large, the diseased area is ulcerated and spreads quickly, which can cause the whole fruit to ulcerate. Diseased rot tasted sweet taste, such as rotenus rot disease; some fruit points rough and cracked, showing black spots, mostly caused by copper, manganese ions or emulsion drugs.
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