The best time to apply fertilizer for corn is during the critical growth phase, which typically occurs after the plant has jointed and continues until the "big bell-mouth" stage. This is when maize absorbs the most nutrients. A first top-dressing application is usually recommended just before or after jointing, with about 10 kg of urea per acre. Then, seven to ten days before tasseling, a second application should be made, using around 20 kg of urea per acre. If the base fertilizer and seed fertilizer are already sufficient, and the soil is very fertile, it's possible to combine the second top-dressing with deep weeding for better nutrient absorption.
For rice, the nitrogen uptake increases gradually after the green-up stage, reaching its peak during the tillering period. To promote early growth, it's important to apply fertilizer early—usually 7–10 days after transplanting. Apply 10 kg of urea per mu at this time. A second top-dressing should be done after heading, with 15–20 kg of urea per mu. This helps ensure strong growth and higher yields.
In Gaochun, sorghum requires timely fertilization from the jointing stage to heading. At the jointing stage, apply 8–12 kg of urea per acre. Another top-dressing of 10 kg of urea per acre is recommended later in the growing season to support healthy development.
For peanuts, the critical nutrient demand occurs during the early reproductive stage. Around 15 days after emergence, flower buds begin to form, and nodules start developing. When the plant has two pairs of lateral branches, it’s time to apply nitrogen fertilizer—about 5–10 kg of urea per acre. After flowering, it’s beneficial to hill the soil and spray a multi-element micro-fertilizer to reduce empty pods and boost yield.
Soybeans are highly dependent on nitrogen, but they can fix some through rhizobia. However, additional top-dressing is still necessary. Applying nitrogen fertilizer during the initial flowering stage helps reduce flower drop and prolongs plant life, leading to better grain weight and higher yields. Usually, 8–12 kg of urea per mu is recommended. Foliar applications during pod formation can further enhance yield.
For sugar beets, the best time to top-dress is early in the growth stage, once the plants have established. Applying 10 kg of urea per acre at this point supports vigorous growth and improves root development.
Potatoes benefit from top-dressing before flowering. Early-maturing varieties should be fertilized at the seedling stage, while mid- and late-season varieties do best with fertilization before budding. Apply 10 kg of urea and 10 kg of potassium sulfate per acre. This not only boosts yield but also improves tuber quality.
It’s important to remember that balanced fertilization is key. Top-dressing is just one part of the overall strategy. Base fertilization should never be overlooked, as it provides the foundation for healthy crop growth throughout the season. Always consider soil conditions and crop needs when planning your fertilizer schedule.
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