Soilless cultivation is an emerging flower cultivation advanced technology in recent years and has the following advantages:
(1) The quality is good. Hydroponic nutrient solution is formulated according to the needs of flowers and is conducive to flower growth. Therefore, the flowers are large in size, rich in flavor, colorful in color, long in flowering period and capable of flowering in advance. (2) Conservation of nutrients, moisture and labor. Hydroponics only needs regular supplements to the flowers with good nutrient solution on the line, easy to operate, save time and labor. (3) Clean, free of weeds, less pests and diseases. Fertilizer used in hydroponic flowers is a nutrient solution formulated with inorganic elements that is both clean and hygienic.
First, the matrix
The main role of the substrate chosen for soilless cultivation is to hold flower plants in containers and preserve nutrients and moisture for plant growth. Therefore, we should use a matrix that has certain water retention, drainage, and at the same time a certain strength and stability without harmful substances. At present, the commonly used substrates for soilless culture in China are:
(1) Sand culture. Sand grains with a diameter of less than 3 mm are used as a matrix, and the nutrient solution is generally introduced into the sand in a dripping manner for flower absorption. (2) Gravel cultivation. Natural gravel, pumice, volcanic rock, etc. with a diameter greater than 3 mm are used as the matrix. (3) Meteorite. Vermiculite is a mica-like mineral that has good cushioning properties, is insoluble in water, and contains magnesium and potassium that can be utilized by flowers. (4) Perlite. It is a siliceous substance and is mainly used for seed germination. It is better mixed with mudstone and sand. (5) Peat. It has good air permeability and high water holding capacity. It can be used as a substrate alone or in combination with slag. In addition, slag, bricks, charcoal, asbestos, sawdust, fern root, bark and other materials can be used as a substrate, but it must be washed and disinfected before use.
Second, nutrient solution
Soil-less cultivation of flowers requires nutrient solution. The various elements and amounts used in the preparation of the flowers should be determined according to the varieties of flowers cultivated and their different growth periods and regions. The formula for flower cultivation in the North: 1 liter of water plus 0.22 grams of ammonium phosphate, 1.05 grams of potassium nitrate, 0.16 grams of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate, and 0.01 grams of ferrous sulfate. Formula for flower cultivation in the south: 1 liter of water plus 0.94 grams of calcium nitrate, 0.58 grams of potassium nitrate, 0.36 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.49 grams of magnesium sulfate, and 0.01 grams of ferrous sulfate.
Use of nutrient solution: Potted peanuts are watered once a week for a long period of time. Each dose may be determined according to the size of the plant. For example, a flower with an inside diameter of 20 cm in the pot is poured with about 100 ml each time, and the amount of negative flowers is reduced. During the winter or dormant period, it is poured once every half month or one month. Normal water supplement still uses tap water, and flower maintenance is basically the same as traditional methods. The preparation of nutrient solution, such as tap water, because it contains chloride, harmful to flowers, should be added a small amount of sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate; such as the use of river water and lake water, need to be filtered, the temperature of nutrient solution required by various flowers according to them Depends on the ecological habits. For example, the optimum temperature of the tulip is 10-12°C; for carnation, mimosa and fern is 12-15°C; chrysanthemum, gladiolus, iris, hyacinth, narcissus, lily is 15-18°C; rose, rose, Zinnia, gerbera, and begonia are 20-25°C; lotus, cactus, and other tropical flowers are 25-30°C. Prepare and store nutrient solutions. Do not use metal containers. Use ceramics, enamels, plastics, and glassware. First, a small amount of 50°C warm water is used to dissolve the various elements, and then they are poured one by one in the order listed in the formula and filled with water equivalent to 75% of the specified capacity. Stirring is performed, and finally the water is added to the entire amount. When using, should be poured from different parts
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