Rearing Technology of Penaeus vannamei in Rearing Ponds

At present, due to the sluggish breeding industry, the prices of finished products have long been sluggish, and many owners of pensions have suffered losses year after year. Although some farmers are still struggling to support them, they are still in vain. Due to the large investment in construction in the early period, the empty yard is a pity. The owners often adopt the cost-saving management method of selling less when the price rises. However, the risk is high and the income is low, and a suitable method cannot be found for a long time. In trouble. The author visited a number of breeding farms and found that in some places in Fujian, there have been conservation owners who have used idle turtle ponds to breed Penaeus vannamei and have achieved great economic benefits. Compared with raising fish, Penaeus vannamei has the following advantages. 1. With low investment, the price of white shrimp in South America has been reduced to 120-200 yuan/million, and the feed price is about 3,200 yuan/ton; Feed conversion rate is high, generally 80% - 90%; 3, the cycle is short, the risk is small, can be sold about 3-4 months of culture, Fujian Province can breed 2 to 3 seasons/year; 4, the domestic market demand Large, deep processing is also available. Their successful experience and related technologies for the culture of Penaeus vannamei are described as follows: 1. The biological characteristics of Penaeus vannamei are compared with European eel, the shrimp is relatively high-temperature resistant, and Penaeus vannamei can survive in the water of 9-40°C. The growth water temperature is 15-38°C, and the optimum water temperature is 23-35°C. Penaeus vannamei is also known as white shrimp and white melon shrimp. It is native to the west coast of the Pacific Ocean and to the middle of the Gulf of Mexico. It is one of the three largest shrimps produced in the world today (the Other two species are Penaeus prawn and China. Shrimp). It has the advantages of rapid growth, low demand for feed protein, delicious meat taste, high meat processing rate, and strong disease resistance. The shrimp can adapt to a wide range of salinity and can survive in 5.4 水 waters. It is an excellent high-yield variety suitable for freshwater bream. Second, the requirements of the aquaculture pond cultured white shrimp is best to maintain 1.2-1.5m, this is conducive to the stability of water quality. Most of the existing rearing ponds have a water depth of 1.0 to 1.2 meters, which basically meets the requirements. The drainage and irrigation systems and aeration systems are all existing, and it is very convenient to transfer the white shrimp to South America. The influent water is non-polluting rivers, lakes and groundwater. Third, the preparatory work before laying seedlings should first be thoroughly cleared and disinfected, the bottom of the pool should be brushed clean, the gravel layer should be removed after the disinfection of the sludge, disinfection can be used "bromochlorohydantoin" 3ppm, the virus in water , Bacteria kill, drain water after 2 days, then splash with 200ppm quicklime to Quanchiposa, soak for 2-3 days, then drain, water 45-50cm, according to the degree of desalination shrimp, with the salt deployment into Certain salinity of water should be re-fertilized to facilitate the growth of basic biological feed. If fertilizer is used: 2-3% of urea and 3-4ppm of superphosphate, it must be thoroughly cooked if the livestock is used. The application amount is controlled at 150ppm. Within 10 days, after basic bait culture, the water clarity is 25-30cm, and the pool water appears yellow-green or yellow-brown. At this time, the breeding of the basic biological food in the pond has reached a peak, and the water can be injected and tested. Fourth, the selection and delivery of shrimp 1 Selection of shrimp species: Should purchase pathogen-free shrimp, it is best to sample to the relevant department to identify, confirm that it is a bacteria-free shrimp can be purchased, should choose body length 0.5-0.8cm, Flexible bouncing, no dirt on the body surface and no damage, long abdominal segment, full muscle, uniform size, no deformity, and strong anti-water ability. 2 Before the seedlings are purchased, they must be placed in cages (40 meshes) into 50-100 shrimps. After 2 days of observation, the survival rate can be over 90% to buy the shrimp seedlings. Conversely, the reason should be ascertained. Adjust the water quality and try again. Prior to stocking, a medicated bath should be given with fluoro-acid 20 ppm for half an hour. When releasing the seedlings, the seedlings should be put into the tank together. When the temperature inside and outside the bag is the same, open the bag and slowly put the seedlings in the water. The initial release of seedlings was 300 fish/m2. One month later, the shrimps were grown 4–5 cm apart and began to divide their stocks. The density was 80–150 fish/m2. The large nets can be submerged in the ground water, and then lifted, quickly placed in the pool to be fostered, and water can also be collected at the drain pipe using a cage. Fifth, feeding and management 1. Quality of Water Management Water quality is the key to the success of white shrimp culture in South America. The best color for raising the shrimp is yellow-green or yellow-brown formed by green algae or diatoms. These algae are not only biological feed but also purify water quality. Therefore, to maintain a good water color, the transparency should be maintained at 25-40 cm. The water color can be controlled by adding water and fertilizing. There is no need to change the water in the previous month. Just add a little water, 10-15cm per week, with a small amount of sewage in the middle and late period to clean the bottom of the pool. During the aquaculture process, “photosynthetic bacteria” 15ppm or “live bacteria” 2-3ppm is applied once every 15 days in shrimp ponds to timely degrade organic matter in water, reduce biological oxygen consumption, improve sediment quality, stabilize pH value, and reduce nitrous acid in water. Salt, ammonia and other harmful substances, photosynthetic bacteria, viable bacteria are rich in vitamins is also the shrimp bait. The aerator can be switched on and off depending on the situation. The early stage can be opened on sunny days at noon or in the evening. During the middle and late stages, the growth of the shrimp is safe and safe. During the second month of the breeding process, dibromohydantoin 0.2ppm is used every 15 days. Or bromochlorine is sterilized by 0.3 ppm. 2. Feed Management After the shrimps are released, the first 10 days after they are released, they generally do not feed bait, and they mainly use bio-feed. Afterwards, they begin to feed 0# feeds of shrimp, 2 batches of daily pre-injection, 3-4 batches of daily-introduction, daily dose, and In the medium term, shrimp is weighed between 6% and 8%, and in the later period, it is 4% to 5%. When it is cloudy and rainy, it should be less cast. Ingestion capacity can be more than adequate. 3. Disease prevention and management management Rearing of Penaeus vannamei First of all, we should take good control of seedlings, disease-free bacterins are the key to the breeding process, followed by the prevention of disease, should focus on improving immunity. During the culture period, starting from the 2nd month, 0.2ppm of dibromohydantoin or 0.33ppm of bromochlorohydantoin should be splashed on a regular basis (every 15 days). Add "shrimp and crab multi-dimensional" to the feed to improve the shrimp's autoimmune ability. Add "shrimp and crab hulls" one day per week. Add 1 gram of feed per kilogram of feed to promote synchronized shelling and accelerate growth. In order to prevent ciliate parasitism, once a month, "shrimp Crab Net" was applied at an amount of 0.9 ppm. Quanchiposa, when other parasitic diseases occur, can use "fish and insect killers" 0.5ppm, 4 days and then spill 0.5ppm, you can completely kill the worms. Sixth, timely harvest generally mastered shrimp can be listed in the 100-200 tail / kg, when raising two seasons, the first quarter can not be prolonged too long, otherwise it will affect the second quarter of production, when the shrimp has reached the market specifications, Due to the large size of the shrimp, the amount of excrement, and the deterioration of the water quality, close observation should be carefully observed. I believe that the owners can achieve the best economic benefits.

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