Rhubarb is the dried root and rhizome of Rheum palmatum L., R. tanguticum Maxim ex Balf., and R. officinale Baill. Chuanjun. It is bitter and cold. There is diarrhea heat, stagnation, phlegm, detoxification effect. For real heat constipation, stagnation abdominal pain, hot and humid jaundice, acute appendicitis, incomplete intestinal obstruction embolism. The main production of Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan, Shaanxi and other provinces. (-) Morphological characteristics Rhubarb is a perennial herb of Polygonaceae. Its root meat is hypertrophic, lignified, not bifurcated, radish-shaped, and some have bifurcations and is bull-shaped. Stems erect, unbranched, 90-120 cm tall, hollow, longitudinally furrowed and pubescent. Root leaves large, nearly circular, palmately lobed. The inflorescence is conical, branches close, branchlets straight up, several clusters in each section. Flowers are small, clustered, greenish white or dark purple. Achene red, triangular, oblong, with 3 fins, apically rounded or dimpled, base cordate. (B) Growth habits like cold weather, cold, avoid high temperatures. Wild in the northwest and southwest of China about 2,000 meters above sea level in high mountains; home planted in 1,400 meters above the area. Climatic conditions: The minimum temperature in winter is above -10°C, the summer temperature does not exceed 30°C, the frost-free period is 50-180 days, and the annual rainfall is 55-1000mm. The soil is more demanding, and it is usually best to have a deep layer of soil, rich humus, or well-drained soil or sandy soil. Planting in highly viscous soils causes poor rhizome growth and affects yield. Poor drainage and high groundwater levels are not suitable for planting. The bogey of bogey should be replanted after 4-5 years. It is advisable to work with leguminous and gramineous crops, or use codonopsis pilosula and Coptis chinensis as its predecessor. Rhubarb seeds are easy to germinate. Under the temperature condition of 15-25°C, the germination rate can reach more than 85%, and the seed life span is l-2 years. (III) Cultivation Techniques 1. Rhubarb is a kind of deep-rooted plant. The main root can be 30-45 cm deep in the soil, and the best choice is loose, well-drained sandy soil hill slopes. After harvesting the crops such as corn and potatoes, combine the deep ploughing. Foot-based fertilizer, applying 4000-5000 kg per acre applied fertilizer, in the barren soil, but also increase the amount of fertilizer. 2. Propagation methods are mainly used for seed propagation, but also for bud propagation. Seed breeding is divided into two methods: direct seeding and seedling transplanting. (1) Live broadcast takes place in early autumn or early spring. The live line is planted at a spacing of 70 cm X 60 cm, so that the depth of the hole is about 3 cm, 5-6 seeds are planted in each hole, and the cover soil is about 2 cm. Use 2-2.5 kg per acre. (2) Seedling transplanting In order to save seeds and improve land use efficiency, or in spring drought, it is not suitable for direct seeding cultivation areas, sowing seedlings are often used to transplant fields. The method is to make a 1.2-meter-wide, 21-meter-long sorghum well-being and open the drainage ditch on all sides. Ditch the seedlings horizontally in a row with a 12 cm spacing and a depth of 5 cm. Spread the seeds evenly into the ditch, cover the soil 2-3 cm and cover with a layer of grass. After unearthing, uncover the grass. Pay attention to weeding, apply some rare human fecal urine from May to June. During the winter, in late October, 3-5 cm of earth is cultivated on rhubarb seedlings to prevent seedlings from being damaged and transplanted the following year. The second year of the nursery will be transplanted in mid-April (Gui Yu) or late August (Shou Shu). After excavating the seedlings, cut the lateral roots of the seedlings and plant them on the whole land in a timely manner. Each row is 60 centimeters apart, dig a hole 15-30 centimeters deep, one hole per hole, cover the soil, bury the reed head, and compact the soil. , so that the roots and soil closely. When transplanting, “rooting with rhizomatous roots†can be adopted, that is, the tip of the root of the seedling will be bent upwards into an L-shape when planting, which can greatly reduce the convulsions rate of the plant. (3) Propagation of buds When harvesting rhubarb, the robust and large buds of the mother plants are picked off and planted. Smaller buds can be planted in seedbeds and planted again in the fall of the following year. In order to prevent rot at the wound, the wound can be coated with plant ash. 3. Field management (1) In the first year of cultivating and weeding rhubarb, the seedlings are small, and the weeds are easy to grow. We must combine weeds for weed control and plant soybeans and corn in rows to suppress weed growth. From the second to the third year, the weeds are sowed in the early May and the middle of July, and the soil is grown in the roots. (2) Fertilizer Rhubarb is a hi-fat plant. In addition to basal fertilization, it is necessary to conduct top dressing 2-3 times a year. In the first year of June, 50 kilograms of chaff cake was weighed, and superphosphate 10-20 kg. In the second year, topdressing was performed twice. In May and June, human feces and urine were applied in rows between the rows, or 20-30 kg of superphosphate, 10-20 kg of potassium chloride, and soil and water after application. (3) After the rhubarb was planted, it began to twitch and bloom in the second year. Except for planting land, the rest of the plants were removed and snoring should be performed on a sunny day. 4. Diseases and Insect Pests Diseases are mainly root rot, most of which occur in the rainy season in August-September, or occur in high temperature and humidity, and often occur in the year of the harvest of Rhubarb, or occur in the previous year. The top of the root begins to turn black and rot, and the leaves turn yellow at the same time and die. The prevention method is to remove water and remove soil in time. After snoring, sneeze the wound with soil or disinfect it with lime water. Pull out the diseased plant as soon as possible after the onset, and collect dead litter in autumn to reduce the source of germs. Insect pests have locusts, which are severe from June to July and can be sprayed 2000 times with a dimethoate emulsion. Rat damage can be trapped or killed manually. (D) Harvest and processing of rhubarb 2-3 years after planting, in the September-October harvest when the land withered. At the time of harvest, first cut off the ground part, dig out the roots and roots, carefully shake off the earth, cut the rootstock into several pieces, cut into small pieces, air-dry, dry, or dry. After being dried, it is packed in a wooden box or a collision device to crash into the rough skin and expose yellow. Per mu of dry goods can be collected about 400 kg. (V) Seed-planting techniques Three-year-old plants that grow robustly without pests and diseases and have relatively pure varieties will be strengthened. Field management will be strengthened. Brackets shall be set up during the 5-m months of pumping stems to avoid being blown by the wind. Seed maturity can be easily blown off by the wind, and attention should always be paid to growth. When some of the seeds were dark brown in mid-late July, they were promptly cut back, placed in a ventilated and damp place to ripen and shaken for several days. Seeds for spring sowing should be stored dry and must not be damp and moldy. China Agricultural Network Editor
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