Male pollen collection requires attention to quality. High-quality male pollen grains are plump, with a yellowish or greenish color. Pollen is typically collected when the male inflorescence changes from green to yellow, usually between Qingming and Guyu. To collect it, gently shake the male flowers onto white paper, allowing the pollen to be gathered for later use.
The flowering sequence of mature Ginkgo biloba trees follows a top-to-bottom pattern. The main branches bloom first, followed by the lower ones. When about one-third of the flower heads on the lower branches show water droplets, and the entire tree appears fully mature, this is the ideal time for artificial pollination. To determine the best timing, look for these signs: 1) Ginkgo leaves are roughly the size of a 1- to 2-cent coin; 2) scattered scale-like structures appear on the ground; 3) after the morning dew has dried or around 3 p.m., gently touch the stigma with your fingertip—there should be a fine, silken thread attached.
Once high-quality male flowers are available, approximately 15 to 35 kilograms of mature fruit can be produced per 50 grams of pollen. It's important to ensure sufficient pollinators on the trees. If the number of flowers is low, pollination should be done carefully so that the tree is evenly covered, rather than having some parts over-pollinated and others not at all.
Proper ginkgo pollen pollination does not require drying the pollen after application. Instead, the male flowers are soaked in water for a short period, then filtered through gauze to remove debris. For each 50 grams of pollen, mix it with 4 to 6 kilograms of liquid solution and spray it for pollination. During spraying, work from top to bottom, starting from the outer branches and moving inward, ensuring even coverage without missing any areas or over-spraying. If heavy rain occurs after pollination, apply additional pollen the next day, but in smaller amounts. If the pollen solution is prepared but not used immediately, it can still be effective after being stored for one or two days. Avoid mixing any impurities into the solution. All equipment must be cleaned before use, and no foreign objects should be sprayed onto the flowers.
In cooler weather (below 20°C), pollinate after morning dew has evaporated. In warmer conditions (above 20°C), it's best to pollinate in the afternoon. Seven to ten days after pollination, monitor for leaf roller moths and take action to protect the developing fruits. This ensures healthy and successful fruit development.
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