Impatiens, commonly known as "Touch-Me-Not," is a fascinating genus comprising around 900 species worldwide. These plants are predominantly found in tropical and subtropical mountain regions, with only a few species growing in the northern temperate zones. In China, there are approximately 200 native species, mostly concentrated in the southwestern provinces and autonomous regions.
This annual herb is often referred to as "henna" due to its flower juice, which can be used to dye nails. The flower structure of Impatiens is unique: it typically consists of two lateral bracteoles, one large lower bracteole (petal-like and pouch-shaped), and five petals—two of which are usually fused into three parts. Over time, through continuous cultivation, numerous ornamental varieties have been developed for gardening.
The name "Touch-Me-Not" reflects the plant's remarkable seed dispersal mechanism. When the fruit matures, even the slightest touch causes it to burst open, launching the seeds outward. This characteristic has led to its traditional Chinese name, "Ji Li" (急粒), meaning "quick seeds." In traditional Chinese medicine, Impatiens has various applications. The flowers are used to treat athlete’s foot and fungal nail infections, while the seeds contain saponins and oils that help reduce gas, improve circulation, and remove blood stasis. The whole plant can also be used internally to treat snake bites.
Propagation is primarily done through seeds, which can be sown from late March to July. With a high survival rate, seedlings should be transplanted once they reach about 8 cm in height, with each pot containing one plant. After a week, pinching the top encourages bushier growth and promotes flowering within 20 days. The blooming period can last over two months.
For optimal growth, Impatiens thrives in well-draining soil mixtures such as garden soil combined with leaf mold. Applying diluted human urine three times a month can enhance its development. While the plant tolerates direct sunlight, proper watering is essential. In summer, it's best to water before 10 a.m. and after 4 p.m., avoiding midday heat. Fertilization should be done after 5 p.m. to prevent leaf burn.
Interestingly, Impatiens is highly sensitive to hydrogen fluoride, making it an excellent indicator of air quality. Its presence or absence can signal environmental changes, adding another layer to its ecological significance. Whether grown for beauty or utility, Impatiens continues to captivate botanists, gardeners, and herbalists alike.
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