Astragalus, commonly known as yellow trout, is a cold-blooded fish that thrives in variable temperatures and has strong environmental adaptability. When the water temperature drops below 10°C (its optimal growth range is between 15°C and 30°C), it becomes less active, stops feeding, and seeks shelter at the bottom of the pond to hibernate. To ensure its survival during winter, aquaculturists can use several effective methods.
One common method is the water overwintering technique. As the temperature drops, the pond should be maintained with a water depth of 30 to 50 cm to prevent the bottom from freezing. This helps maintain a stable and slightly warmer environment for the fish. If the pond surface begins to freeze, it's essential to break the ice daily to allow for oxygen exchange and prevent hypoxia, which can be deadly for the fish.
The dry pool wintering method is another option when water temperatures fall below 10°C. In this approach, the pond is drained, leaving the bottom moist. A layer of rice straw, wheat straw, or corn stalks is then placed on the mud surface, about 30 cm thick. This provides insulation and helps the fish survive by maintaining a stable microclimate in the absence of water.
For indoor wintering, fish are moved into controlled environments such as pools or buckets. A mixture of 1 kg of Astragalus root per 2 liters of water is often used to create a suitable habitat. The room temperature should be kept between 2°C and 5°C, and the water needs to be changed daily to maintain cleanliness and oxygen levels. This method is especially useful in colder regions where outdoor conditions are too harsh.
Another effective strategy is using a plastic greenhouse. When the water temperature drops below 12°C, placing the fish in a greenhouse can help regulate their environment. The water level inside the greenhouse should be slightly higher than the surrounding pond to prevent sudden temperature fluctuations. The greenhouse should maintain a temperature between 2°C and 8°C. It's also important to open ventilation holes at noon to let fresh air in and prevent oxygen depletion. Proper ventilation ensures a healthy and safe wintering environment for the fish.
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