1. How to manage water in Putian?
After sowing in the early season, it is important to maintain proper water levels. Initially, fill the field with water until two days after the plastic film is removed. During fine weather, keep the ditches full, while during rainy periods, maintain half a ditch. Five days before transplanting, drain the seedlings to harden them. If the soil surface becomes too dry, you can give a light watering.
In the late season, high temperatures and strong sunlight often lead to rapid evaporation of moisture from the soil surface. This can cause the seeds to dry out quickly after sowing, affecting germination. Therefore, 2-3 hours after sowing, when the seeds are well attached to the soil, flood the surface with about 3 cm of water to prevent excessive heat from damaging the seeds. By around 5 pm, when the sunlight weakens, drain the field to allow oxygen to reach the seeds for better germination. The next morning at around 8 am, flood again. Repeat this process for three days so that the seedling roots can absorb water from the soil. After each irrigation, keep a thin layer of water on the surface until it dries and cracks. Then gradually reduce the water level, alternating between wet and dry conditions until five days before transplanting. If the soil becomes too dry, water can be applied as needed.
2. How to fertilize transplanting seedlings?
The nitrogen content in rice seedlings affects their ability to withstand transplant shock. Excessive nitrogen application can result in overly lush and weak seedlings, reducing their resistance to injury. Mechanically transplanted seedlings experience more damage compared to those transplanted by hand. Therefore, it's essential to balance nitrogen use and promote carbonization to improve the seedlings’ resilience. In general, highly fertile soils do not require additional fertilizer. For moderately fertile soils, apply a base fertilizer of 7.5 kg per mu.
3. How to use paclobutrazol to cultivate transplanting seedlings?
Paclobutrazol is an effective growth regulator that helps make rice seedlings shorter, increases tillering, makes leaves stand upright, and promotes thick, short roots, which improves seedling quality, enhances resistance to transplant shock, and increases yield. Since machine-transplanted seedlings have higher planting density and greater transplant injury, using paclobutrazol has a more significant positive impact. The recommended method is: in the early season, after the seedlings emerge, or in the late season, when the seedlings have one leaf (about five days after sowing), apply 175 g (25% wettable powder) per acre, mixed with 100 kg of water and evenly sprayed over the field.
4. What are the adverse effects of delayed transplanting, and what measures should be taken?
When rice seedlings grow beyond the optimal stage, problems such as poor air circulation, increased height, lower quality, and higher susceptibility to pests and diseases may occur. This can negatively affect the success of transplanting and even lead to plant death, ultimately reducing yield. According to trials conducted by the Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the ideal transplanting age is between 15 to 20 days. When this range is maintained, yields can exceed 1,000 catties per mu. However, for every day the transplanting is delayed, the yield decreases by approximately 1.4%. Thus, timely transplanting is crucial for ensuring high yields in machine-transplanted rice.
However, in practice, delays due to crop maturity issues, rain, or machinery failure can prevent timely transplanting. To address this, several measures can be taken: (1) Limit irrigation to control seedling growth. (2) Use scissors to cut off the top portion of the seedlings, keeping the height between 13–15 cm. (3) If there's uncertainty about timely transplanting, avoid applying any fertilizer throughout the growing period. This will help stop the seedlings from growing further if they reach a certain height.
For severe pest and disease outbreaks, it's essential to spray pesticides promptly to ensure effective control and prevent further damage.
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