Livestock husbandry has always been the first choice for our country's peasants to get rid of poverty, get rich, and start a family business. It occupies a decisive position in China's rural economy and even holds half of the country in some large aquaculture counties. However, in recent years, some problems have emerged in the rural aquaculture industry, which has led to a decline in the aquaculture efficiency and a frustration in the enthusiasm for breeding, which has greatly hindered the healthy and stable development of the rural livestock husbandry industry.
I. Problems in Current Rural Farming
1. Disease problems
Since the occurrence of unnamed high fever in the south in 2005, many new diseases such as Eperythrozoon, Streptococcosis, Circovirus, and Blue Ear disease in chickens, bird flu in chickens, and kidney-type infectious bronchitis have emerged. Many of the original strains have also been mutated and some new symptoms and lesions have emerged, raising higher requirements and challenges for the current rural livestock husbandry industry.
Because of the phenomenon of “discretionary drug dispensing†that is widespread in rural areas, some bacterial diseases and parasites have also become resistant to the original sensitive drugs.
2. Problems with feeding and management
Poor density, poor ventilation, dark and humid environment and other undesirable environmental conditions can cause a variety of diseases, such as respiratory diseases, parasitic diseases, etc.
Malnutrition, vitamin deficiency, aflatoxinosis, and other toxic diseases can occur if you do not use full-quality nutritious, high-quality feed, or use poor-quality or even moldy feed or raw materials.
There are no scientific and reasonable immunization procedures and preventive measures. Indiscriminate use of vaccines under non-health conditions triggers certain diseases; abuse of vaccines results in immunosuppression.
Indiscriminate use of drugs, drug abuse, harm to various organs of the body, and even drug poisoning
Disinfection system is not perfect, and some farmers are too disinfected, some use a disinfectant all year round, and some never disinfect
Harmless treatment is not in place. The dead animals are not treated as necessary, and dead bodies are thrown. Even if they are buried too shallow, they will not achieve the desired effect.
3. Market issues
The ups and downs in the farming market are mainly due to the fact that the farmers cannot recognize the market supply and demand, and only see the immediate interests. The market is good and the stock is good, and when the market is poor, the livestock and poultry are sold off. This has contributed to the volatility of the market. As a result, farmers have suffered from this roller coaster market.
Blindly pursuing high yields but ignoring quality. Nowadays, consumers are not just asking for food, but they are beginning to pursue good food. Consumers want healthy, green and nutritious foods, and many of our livestock and poultry products are far from satisfying consumption. The request of the
What is more, in order to obtain consumer satisfaction or market access requirements, some farm households illegally add illegal drugs, seriously undermining public food hygiene and safety, and greatly undermining the healthy and stable development of animal husbandry.
Second, some countermeasures to current problems
1. Transform ideas to prevent the main and combine prevention and control
According to the local specific conditions, formulate the immunization program suitable for the local culture form; use the regular manufacturer's SPF vaccine, pay attention to the appropriate temperature for the transportation and storage of the vaccine; correctly use the vaccine, use the diseased livestock carefully; use caution Immune to prevent virus spread
The qualified farms should regularly perform antibody monitoring, plan and engage in immunization work related to related diseases. They should not blindly use vaccines in order to prevent poisons and prevent further virus mutations.
Do not abuse or misuse antibiotics. Even if they must be used, it is better to be a drug sensitive test, use sensitive drugs, avoid detours, and get instant results, and avoid the loss caused by drug abuse.
2. Standardize management and strengthen institutional development of farms
Establish and improve the system of animal disease prevention, drug use, disinfection, and detoxification treatment in the farms: Do a good job of antibody monitoring and strengthen immunity; select sensitive drugs and make records of drug use; regularly disinfect, use disinfectants of different ingredients in alternation; Livestock and poultry must be strictly isolated, burned or buried
It is best to use pre-mixed feeds of well-known manufacturers for feeds that use full-priced nutrition, and to identify true and false foods when feeding raw materials such as soybean meal; do not use mildewed raw materials to prevent mold poisoning
Maintain ventilation, ensure appropriate density, check the status of livestock and poultry regularly, and find out that dead animals and poultry should be singled out in time for appropriate treatment.
3. Adapt to the market, improve quality varieties, and participate in cooperative organizations
Recognize market demand, analyze market trends, and adjust product structure. Respond to market demand, select good livestock and poultry breeds that meet the market requirements, eliminate outdated, outdated and inferior products, correctly analyze market trends, and timely adjust the culture structure. Do not confuse the immediate interests and look to the future. Think of the breeding industry as a Projects to do
Explore ecological farming patterns, optimize the quality of livestock and poultry, and increase corporate profits. It is possible to explore the practice of "fruit-livestock-methane" or "vegetable-livestock-methane" breeding mode, and also use ecological culture of the fermentation bed, in short, adapt to local conditions and develop three-dimensional ecological breeding. Reduce production costs, optimize the quality of livestock and poultry, and provide the market with green and nutritious health foods
Participate in cooperative organizations, integrate production and marketing operations, and open up international and domestic markets. Participate in or form cooperative organizations such as aquaculture associations, divide labor and cooperation, complement each other's advantages, hold group operations, and jointly resist market risks; integrate production and sales operations, broaden the industrial chain, reduce production costs, and improve corporate profits; actively explore international and domestic markets and expand product radiation , increase product sales channels
Problems in the current rural aquaculture concern the increase of farmers’ income and income, and the healthy and stable development of rural livestock husbandry. The relevant departments are expected to do a good job in propaganda and strengthen guidance. The relevant agri-pastoral enterprises have sincerely considered for the farmer and devoted themselves to breeding farms. Services, together contribute to the healthy and stable development of rural livestock husbandry.
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