1. Phosphorus, calcium and phosphorus are mainly involved in the metabolism of intermediate substances in the cow's body and are indispensable elements for nutrient absorption and enzyme activity. When the phosphorus content of dairy cows is insufficient, the resistance of dairy cows to infectious diseases is significantly reduced, feed intake is greatly reduced, the ability of carotene to convert into vitamin A is reduced, and even infertility is caused. If the dairy cow diet lacks 50% of phosphorus, the cow's infertility rate will increase by 40%. The lack of phosphorus in dairy cows' diets often results in atrophy of the follicles of the cows, repeated infertility, or a miscarriage, or the production of weak yak. However, if the content of phosphorus in the dairy cow's diet is too high, it will also inhibit the reproductive function of the cow. This is due to insufficient content of manganese due to excessive phosphorus content. When the ratio of phosphorus to calcium in the dairy cow diet is less than 1.5:1, it will cause the cow's conception rate to drop, resulting in dystocia, and at the same time, it will easily lead to the occurrence of hysterosalpia in dairy cows; when the ratio of phosphorus to calcium in the dairy cow's diet is greater than 4:1, The breeding index of dairy cows decreased significantly, leading to vaginitis or uterine prolapse, mastitis or postpartum spasms in cows. Practice has shown that the ratio of phosphorus to calcium in dairy cow diets is generally best at 1.5:1 to 2:1. Second, copper and cobalt cows lack of copper in addition to cause cows anemia, rumen disease, but also lead to cows are not estrus or early embryo death. When the cow’s diet contains less than 31ug/ml of copper, severe anemia occurs in the cow, the estrus period is prolonged, and the infertility rate increases. When there is a deficiency of cobalt in dairy diets, the conception rate is reduced by 50%, and if the injection of copper preparations is increased by 67%. If the cow's diet is properly supplemented with cobalt, the cow's conception rate can be over 93%. In addition to maintaining normal pH and enzyme activity, potassium and sodium potassium have a greater impact on the reproductive performance of dairy cows. If the calorie intake of dairy cows is excessive, there will be sodium deficiency in dairy cows, which will cause poisoning of the cows, inflammation of the reproductive mucosa, or ovarian cysts. Practice shows that the appropriate proportion of potassium and sodium in dairy cow diets is 5:1. The potassium content of the cow diet has a certain influence on the sex of the calf. Adding more potassium in the diet or feeding the feed containing more potassium one month before the mating, the calf produced 70 % is the mother-in-law; adding a large amount of magnesium oxide and calcium carbonate to the cow's diet can increase the public-private ratio. IV. Iodine Iodine is an important substance in the synthesis of thyroid gland. Thyroid hormone is an indispensable substance for the normal function of the pituitary gland and gonad. The failure of ovulation in cows is primarily associated with decreased luteinizing hormone levels and decreased thyroid activity in the pituitary. In the absence of iodine in the feed of dairy cows, the cows are interrupted by estrus, do not ovulate, or suffer miscarriage after conception, or die of embryos. Some cows can produce yak, but the coat is rough, light weight, and the survival rate is low. The normal demand for iodine in dairy cows is 5-12 mg/kg body dry matter, and dry cows are 3-8 mg/kg body weight dry matter. Cows fed iodine and potassium or iodine-containing salt, kelp debris, etc., can make the cow's conception rate increased to 84%. 5. Manganese and Manganese participate in a series of oxidase activities in the body and synthesize polysaccharide polymerase and galactose transferase with chondroitin sulfate. The lack of manganese in the body can cause the enzyme activity of the cow to decrease and the genitalia to develop slowly. Generally, the estrus of postpartum cows can be postponed for more than 6 months. Practice shows that the content of manganese in dairy cow diets is generally 50 mg/kg dry matter, and the highest dose is 250 mg/kg dry matter. Six, Zinc female cows lack zinc, estrus disorder, puberty and postpartum estrus period greatly delayed. Zinc deficiency in the long-term diet will cause the follicles of cows to shrink and the ovarian function to decline, which will reduce or even completely lose the reproductive function of the cows. Selenium In cows with high levels of estrogen, appropriate amounts of selenium for 4 to 6 weeks can increase the conception rate of dairy cows from 49% to 76%. Adding selenium and molybdenum in the diet of dairy cows can increase the twinning rate of dairy cows, but the milk production will be significantly reduced. Practice has shown that when supplementing selenium to dairy cows, supplemental vitamin E supplementation is much better than selenium alone.
Pumpkin (scientific name: Cucurbita moschata Duch (Duch. Ex Lam.). The ex Poiret) gourd conan melon belongs to a kind of, annual herb, sprawling stem section department to take root, often stipes stout, wide blade ovate or ovoid, slightly soft qualitative, veins bulge, tendril slightly thick, monoecious, stem stout, rib and groove, owing to the different varieties, often several longitudinal furrow or without outside, most seeds, long ovate or oblong.
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