Reasons for unsatisfactory breeding

Sows do not have estrus

The majority or group of sows should not investigate and analyze the cause of their estrus after weaning. We can use the data from weaning to mating intervals to compare with past records. General weaning to mating interval should be less than 10 days. The ideal number of days is 7 days or less. Weaning until the mating interval is too long delays the sow's delivery time, resulting in a decrease in the number of sows per sow throughout the year. The usual cause is the lean sow syndrome, which is usually caused by malnutrition during the lactation of young sows. We should check the distribution of parity to determine if the problem exists in the young sow herd. Can not simply believe that the poor sow breeding efficiency is caused by infectious diseases, and hope that antibiotics will solve the problem. Post-weaning estrus is often a problem in farm management and has nothing to do with infectious diseases.

Observe that the sow's vulva is red and swollen with mucus outflow. However, due to inexperienced workers, some sows have no obvious estrus and missed the opportunity to breed. Observing work is best performed in the morning and at dusk. It can improve fertility rate by trying to help find estrus pigs in time for breeding. Hot weather can delay weaning to estrus. Under the threat of heat stress, suckling sows suffer from poor appetite, which results in lack of nutrients for sows. This caused a common lean sow syndrome. Keeping the best of the sows and boars feeding or merging with boars contributes to estrus.

Poultry breeding capacity is poor

The lack of proper management of boars during development will result in lack of libido in boars. Due to inexperience, young boars may exhibit sexual impotence during the first mating. These boars do not have to be eliminated immediately because the phenomenon of sexual impotence is only temporary. High temperatures not only adversely affect boar production but also reduce sexual desire. On wet and hot afternoons, boar mating behavior appears to be lazy. Boar foot dysplasia, arthritis, and leg or foot injuries all affect their libido and mating ability. Permanently incapacitated boars should be eliminated.

Sows estrus after mating

The estrus after mating is a failure of pregnancy. The pig farm reassortment rate is normally below 15%. A high rate of replantation will extend the farrowing interval and reduce the number of sows per head per year. The sows were estrus pregnant for failure within 18-24 days of mating, and were caused by miscarriage within 12 days.

An important factor in the low rate of pregnancy is the delay in the timing of breeding. The best breeding time is 21-22 hours after the sow starts estrus. If the estrus is observed only once a day, it is difficult to know when many sows are estrus. It is difficult to find out the exact time of breeding. Sows ovulate 24-36 hours after estrus. There is no way to determine when each sow ovulates in large, modern pig farms. Observing the estrus of the sow once a day, together with the estrus sow breeding only once, a single observation and a single breeding lead to a low pregnancy rate of the sow. A single observation of the heat-producing sow herd twice at 4-12 hours intervals can significantly increase the sow’s pregnancy rate and litter size. The productivity of a farm is mainly determined by the number of live pigs produced by the sow each year. High-efficiency sows should spend most of their time pregnant, giving birth and breast-feeding. The interval from milk to re-equipment should be as short as possible.

Another factor that affects the pregnancy rate is the use of boars. Boars that are not fully used have poor semen quality. For young boars less than two weeks old, there is very little spermatozoa in the first ejaculation. Some people are very worried that boars are used too frequently. In fact, as long as they do not use more than four times a week, they will not reduce their fertility. Infectious diseases that can lead to high sow return rates include porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome, porcine parvovirus disease, and brucellosis.

Empty

Empty sows are no longer estrous because they are misunderstood and think that they are pregnant. However, they do not give birth during the delivery period. Generally, the phenomenon of empty arms is only within 5%, and some empty arms are caused by premature ovulation or premature death of the sows and no estrus detection. The reasons for the increase in the rate of empty arms can be divided into two types: infectious diseases or management problems. The most common cause is the low ability of estrus detection. As the commonly used method of pregnancy diagnosis of sows is through re-examination, the poor ability of estrus examination will result in: 1. Inflated pregnancy rate; 2. Excessive empty rate. For example, if the pregnancy rate of a farm is 90% and the delivery rate is only 80%, this not only means a problem of high altitude, but also may be caused by poor pregnancy diagnosis or low pregnancy rate. The actual rate of pregnancy may be only about 85%, causing pregnancy failure, especially the early detection of undetected abortion diseases will also increase the empty rate. Brucellosis can cause altitude sickness but not other conditions. One of the symptoms of porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome is also a high altitude or low birth rate.

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