The first section of the biological characteristics of white peony white peacock warm and humid, sunny, afraid of high temperature, cold, strong adaptability.
1. Requirements for light Experimental studies have found that light energy promotes the germination of white peony seeds; sufficient light allows the shoot to thrive, followed by a thick root in the roots. The plants growing in shade are shorter, the leaf surface coefficient is smaller, and the main root length is not thick.
2. Requirements for temperature The temperature range of Angelica during its growth and development is relatively large. Seed germination temperature change conditions, the germination rate was significantly reduced at a constant temperature. The temperature range of seed germination is preferably 10 to 25°C. In winter, under conditions of soil wetting, the seedlings can tolerate low temperatures of 6°C to 8°C. In the area north of the Yellow River, the winter part of the Yellow River withered and wintered with perennial roots. In the area south of the Yangtze River, the above-ground part of the winter still survived. However, the growth was slow. When the hot summer season approached, yellowing and wilting sometimes appeared.
3. The demand for moisture is the degree of soil moisture, afraid of drought and water accumulation. The lack of water after sowing will affect the emergence of seedlings, seedling drought-prone to lack of seedlings, in case of low temperature in winter is prone to frost damage, more water in the vegetative growth period, excessive water in the late growth phase prone to rot, but the roots of water shortage prone to lignification , affect the quality of medicinal herbs.
4. Soil requirements The soil with deep soil and loose soil, black sand or alluvial soil is better, and the more sticky or compacted soil is planted, which can lead to shorter main roots and more bifurcations, affecting the yield and quality.
5. Phenophase white pods are usually sowed in the fall. Under suitable conditions of temperature and humidity, the seedlings will emerge in about 15 to 20 days. The seedlings will grow slowly in the early stage and the seedlings will overwinter; the second year will be the vegetative growth period, and the most prosperous growth will be from April to May. The roots grew most rapidly from late April to June. After mid-July, the plants gradually turned yellow and died. The above-ground nutrients were all transferred to the underground roots and entered a short dormancy (this is the best period for harvesting herbs). When the weather turns cold in late August, the plants regenerate into new leaves and continue into the reproductive growth period in the third year. The bolting starts in late April, and flowering gradually from mid-May to early June. The seeds last from late June to mid-July. mature. As a result of flowering and seeding, a large amount of nutrients are consumed, so the roots of plant-seeding plants are often lignified and become empty or even rot. They cannot be used for medicinal purposes. The germination rate of mature seeds in the autumn of that year was 70% to 80%. The germination rate of seeds every other year was very low, even without germination.
The planted white plover was harvested for 2 years and was harvested 3 years later.
In the second section, the selection of sites and site preparations are not strict with the previous works. Even the continuous cropping areas where the former is growing can be used. It is best to choose a sandy loam with a flat topography, ample sunshine, deep plowing layers, loose fertility, and good drainage.
After the harvest of the former crop, the compost compost or manure 2500-5000 kg per mu, the cake fertilizer 100 kg and the phosphate fertilizer 50 kg as the base fertilizer, fertile ground can also be less applied. After finishing the application, it is better to plow till the depth is more than 1 foot. Afterwards, the sun is soiled to make it fully weathered, and then the soil is plowed once more. Due to the deeper growth of the roots of the white peony roots, the soil is deeply ploughed and the soil fertility of the upper and lower layers is evenly balanced. After the leveling and finishing, it is 15 to 20 cm in height, 1 to 2 meters in width, and the surface should be flat in order to facilitate drainage and drainage. The topsoil should be smoothed and finely crushed to facilitate unearthed seedlings.
In the third section, the breeding method of the white pheasant is propagated by seeds, which are generally used for live broadcasting and should not be transplanted. The roots of the transplanted plants are more bifurcated and the main roots are poorly grown, which affects the yield and quality.
First, the seeding period requires strict production on the sowing date, timely sowing is one of the important links to obtain high yield. Premature sowing, seedling growth before winter, some plants in the second year will be bolted flowering in advance, the root of the lignification or rot, can not be used for medicinal purposes, thus affecting yield. If the temperature drops too late, it will affect the germination and emergence, the seedlings will be vulnerable to freezing, the growth of the seedlings will be poor, and the yield will be low. Because the germination rate of the seeds is low and the germination rate of fresh seeds is high in the following year, the fresh seeds harvested in the current year must be used for sowing, which is generally based on autumn sowing. The yield of spring sowing is low and the quality is poor. The appropriate sowing time varies according to the climate and soil fertility. The temperature is high and late sowing, otherwise it is sowed early. The fertile soil can be sown late. On the contrary, it should be earlier.
Suitable sowing time for autumn sowing is suitable for local conditions. According to local customs, before and after the autumn debut of Henan autumn sowing, Hebei between the summer and the white dew, Sichuan between the white dew and the equinox, Zhejiang in the cold dew 10 days before, the higher temperature It is advisable to use autumn equinox to cold dew. Spring sowing is conducted between March and April.
Second, sowing methods, sowing, sowing, broadcast can be generally drilled as much.
1.Drilling method: It is widely used in Zhejiang, Henan and Hebei, with a spacing of 25 to 30 centimeters and a shallow ditch (about 4 to 5 points deep). The seed is evenly sowed in the ditch, covered with a thin layer of fine soil, and generally each The amount of mu is 1 to 1.5 kg.
2. Point sowing method: Sichuan used more. According to the spacing of 30 to 35 centimeters, the hole distance is 23 to 27 centimeters to open the hole, and the bottom of the hole should be leveled. Each hole should be sown with 7 to 10 grains, and the amount per acre should be 0.5 to 0.8 kg.
3. Broadcasting method: This method is useful in Zhejiang. Spread the seeds evenly on the surface of the sampan that has been flattened and then cover with a layer of thin soil and straw. However, this method is currently used sparingly.
Before sowing, it can be soaked with warm water overnight, or mixed with sand and seeds for 1 to 2 days before sowing. It is also reported that 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed on the seed and mixed for 8 hours to make the solution seed. Absorption after sowing can promote early emergence, and the emergence of Qi Qi, a high rate of emergence. Generally, seedlings can be planted 15 to 20 days after sowing. It is also reported that mulching can be used to make the emergence period about 10 days earlier than that of the control group, and the emergence is neat and consistent. The emergence rate is 4% higher than that of the control group, but if the seeding period is appropriate When sowing is carried out, there is no obvious abnormal weather, and it is generally not necessary to cover the mulch.
After sowing, it is generally covered with a thin layer of fine soil, slightly repressed, so that the seeds are in close contact with the soil, and then evenly spread the mulching bar about 1000 kilograms; and some do not cover the soil after sowing, then the diluted manure and livestock water per acre is about 1000. Kilograms, then covered with straw ash mixed with human and animal waste water, do not reveal the seeds, and then use the board to suppress or lightly step in order to facilitate germination.
Section IV White Field Management
1. Seedlings and Dingling Seedlings of white peony grow slowly. Seeds are generally not sparse in the year and return to green in the early spring of the second year. When the seedling height is about 5 to 7 centimeters, the first seedlings are planted, and the thin and thin seedlings are gone. Drilling leaves one strain every 5 centimeters, leaving 5-8 strains for each hole; the second time the seedlings leave one strain or leave 3 to 5 strains for every 10 centimeters. When the seedling height is about 15 cm before and after the Qingming, the seedlings will be set at a distance of 13 to 15 cm or 3 in each hole, staggered in a triangle to facilitate ventilation. When the seedlings are grown, they should be overgrown and the large petiole with white petioles should be removed to prevent premature bolting and flowering. The number of seedlings may be taken from 1 to 3 times depending on the circumstances.
2. Weeding and weeding should be combined with both seedlings and Ding Miao. Before weeding, weeding can be hand-pulled or shallow hoeing. When weeding weeding weeding, weeding, weeding, and then gradually deepening, the number will be determined according to the degree of soil wetting and weed growth, loose soil must pay attention not to hurt the main root , otherwise it is easy to get sick. When the leaves grow bigger and the ridges are closed on the surface, there is no need to weed.
3. Fertilizer fertilization fertilization, but generally less or not before the spring plant, to prevent seedling growth over prosperous, bolting in advance flowering. After the spring, the vegetative growth begins to flourish, and it can be topdressed 3 to 4 times. The first and the second were conducted after the seedlings and the cultivator, and the third and the fourth were conducted after the seedlings and before the mulching. Fertilization should be carried out on a sunny day. It is inappropriate to fertilize on the day after the rain is clear or after weeding. Fertilizer type can choose to use human waste, cooked cake, fertilizer, urea and so on. The first fertilization, the fertilizer should be thin should be less, such as the application of diluted 10 million people per acre manure, can be gradually increased after more concentrated, such as 30 to 40 Tam. The phosphatic potash fertilizer can be applied once before ridge sealing, such as superphosphate 20 to 25 kg, which promotes the stout roots. It has been reported that 25 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 5 kg of potassium chloride were applied in a top dressing before ridging, and the soil was immediately cultivated after application to prevent lodging and promote growth.
The frequency of topdressing and the amount of fertilizer applied each time can also be determined based on the growth of the plant. For example, when the plant is about to be ridged, the leaf color of the plant is light green and not very strong. The fertilizer may be topdressed once, or the leaf color may be dark green and grow vigorously. Top dressing. (See "Appendix: Measures to prevent early bolting of whitefish")
4. Irrigation and white water hi water, but afraid of water. After sowing, if the soil is dry, it should be watered immediately. In the future, if there is no rain, it should be watered once every few days to keep the seedlings moist before they are unearthed. This will help the emergence of seedlings; the seedlings should also keep the soil moist to prevent emergence. Yellow leaves produce more lateral roots; seedlings must be irrigated before winter, and Henan has the best experience of “best-frozen and dry-freezingâ€. In Hebei, “white storks only have dry dead in winter and have no frozen deathâ€. After the spring of the following year can be matched with top-dressing timely irrigation, especially in the volts should keep enough water. In the event of rainy season, the water in the field should be drained in time to prevent the accumulation of water and roots.
5. After removing the bolting seedlings, part of the plants will be bolted and blossomed in May of the following year. The roots of the plants cannot be used for medicinal purposes, and their seeds cannot be planted because their next generation will bolt ahead of time. Therefore, in order to reduce the consumption of nutrients in the field, it was found that the bolting plants should be removed promptly.
Attachment: Measures to prevent early bolting of white peony. Some white pods often produce bolting and flowering in the second year of production, which is generally 10% to 20%, and more than 30%, which seriously affects the yield and quality of the product. According to the traditional cultivation experience of producing areas and some scientific experiments, it is believed that adopting the following measures can reduce the bolting rate to 3% to 5%, and increase the average income by about 50 kilograms per mu.
1. Reasonable pruning and breeding of good breeds This is the fundamental place to prevent the early bolting of white peony.
Seeds of different parts of the same plant have different characteristics. The seeds on the top of the main stem are more fat than those on the top, and the bolting rate is the highest. The seeds on the second and third branches are small, the quality is poor, the bolting rate is not high, but the seedling rate and seedling rate after sowing are both Lower; first-level branch seeds, the best quality, the highest rate of emergence and seedlings, bolting rate is also low; too old seeds are also easy to bolting flowers in advance. Therefore, the following pruning methods are adopted during the flowering period of the leavening plants: the main stem and the inflorescences on the second and third branches are cut off, and the primary branch inflorescences are retained. In order to ensure the nutrient supply of the inflorescence of the first branch, the development of the embryo is consistent, and the individual differences of the seeds are reduced. Thus, after sowing, budding is neat and easy to manage, and the plants also have excellent traits.
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